Stress fractures usually occur in the body's weight-bearing bones and result from overloading, overuse or repeated impacts. Unlike ordinary fractures, a stress fracture is not caused by a single sudden injury; it is a fatigue fracture caused by stress on the bone from repeated small injuries over time. Poor choice of shoes – for example standing for long periods in high heels or playing sport in unsuitable shoes – can lead to stress fractures. They are generally seen between the ages of 20 and 35 and are most common in professional athletes. They occur most often in the shin bone and in the metatarsal and heel bones of the foot. Stress fractures of the metatarsals can also be seen in women aged 45–55 because of both weight and changes in the oestrogen–progesterone balance.
How is a stress fracture diagnosed?
Unlike ordinary fractures, the fracture line in a stress fracture is a very fine crack, so it is not always possible to diagnose it with an X-ray, and it can sometimes be missed. If a fracture is suspected, an MRI should be taken.
Can a stress fracture be treated?
The first thing a person with a stress fracture should do is rest the foot; crutches and a cast can be used for this. Surgery is very rarely needed: 80–90% of stress fractures heal on their own with protective measures. While an ordinary fracture heals in 1–1.5 months, it should be remembered that a stress fracture can take up to twice as long.
Afterwards, any poor choice of shoes should be corrected. It is also necessary to avoid excessive walking, prolonged standing and unnecessary activity for a while. If the foot is not rested well during this period, the pain may return.
The information on this page is for general information only and does not replace an examination and diagnosis.